The growth diagnostic on Tunisia Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

The development indicative on Tunisia - Assignment Example Toward the finish of 1987, Bourguiba was supplanted by Zine el Abidine Ben Ali as the president, he made some smooth memories in his legislature until December 2010 when across the nation dissents began once again the issues of high pace of joblessness, defilement by the administration authorities, expanding destitution and expanded costs of edibles and products of the soil fight exasperated in jan’2011 which brought about the executing of several individuals. Ben Ali excused the legislature on fourteenth January 2011 and he left the nation around the same time and before the finish of Jan’2011, the Prime Minister of the nation declared that a National Unity Government will be framed and he reported Fouad M’Bazaa as the leader of Tunisia for the between time period. Geology: It is arranged in Northern Africa and it is encircled by the Mediterranean Sea and it is available among Algeria and Libya. On the world guide, its topographical directions are 34 00 N, 9 00 E. all out region of Tunisia is around 163,610 square kilometers which is similarly bigger than Georgia. It imparts worldwide limits to Libya and Algeria and the range of these limits is 459 km and 965 km separately. Its Coastline ranges about 1,148km. Atmosphere of Tunisia is very factor as in the northern locale of the nation, the winters are gentle and blustery however the summers are dry and warm and in the southern district of the nation, there is desert. Tunisia is a mix of sloping areas in the north and there are hot and dry fields and furthermore the semiarid zone of southern locale of the nation which joins the Sahara Desert. Tunisia has a heaps of characteristic assets including oil, phosphates and metals like iron mineral, lead and zinc. About 17% of the place where there is this nation is utilized for agrarian proposes. The removal of poisonous and waste material is incapable and represents a genuine hazard to the wellbeing of the network living in there. Other potential normal dangers incorporate the contamination of the drinking water with the sewage and there are constrained measure of new water repositories, there is a pattern towards increment deforestation just as soil disintegration which results into the desertification of the nation. Tunisia holds the key area in the focal segment of the Mediterranean; these days, Malta and Tunisia are having shared converses with utilize the mainland rack between the two nations particularly for the investigation of normal assets like Oil. Individuals of Tunisia: The number of inhabitants in Tunisia will be about 10.6 Million in July 2011 and it is 78th greatest nation populace savvy of the world. About 70% of this populace is of the profitable age for example from 15-64 years, the populace development pace of the nation will be 0.978% in 2011. The birth rate is 17.4 births/1,000 populace and the demise rate is 5.83 passings per 1000 populace. Urban populace establishes about 67% of the complete populace with 1.5% yearly pace of urbanization, the significant city of Tunisia is its Capital that is Tunis and its populace was around 759,000 of every 2009. Newborn child death pace of Tunisia is around 26 passings among each 1000 live births and the future during childbirth is around 75 years. As AIDS is a significant predominant infection in Africa so for data proposes the grown-up pervasiveness of AIDS is under 0.1% in 2009 and the absolute number of AIDS patients in Tunisia are about

Responses to Three Employment Law Encounters Essay

Quick Serve Inc. is a 25 million organization, which utilizes in excess of 350 individuals associated with the immediate showcasing of marked games clothing. The organization chose to open two web based showcasing and 10% of the work environment was moved to deal with the online dispersion. Following a while, the organization noticed that they were being influenced by this last measure and would need to find a way to guarantee that the Company isn't influenced. I am the ranking director in HR office and was given the errand of picking three of six representatives for cutbacks. As mindful pioneers and chiefs have the errand and duty to assess them in a reasonable and impartial manner for all gatherings. The Company had a record of the HR division as these six representatives had played out their work for as far back as two years. Be assessed on execution, Productivity, Special accomplishments, instructive capability, aptitudes and employment duty and non-appearance. Terminating individuals isn't a simple issue however we need to comprehend that organizations experience changes and you have to change procedures so our organizations prevail in, yet we need to remember is that we do it in the most ideal manner for the two gatherings. Subsequent to doing a broad examination and meeting with lawful insight and others from the organization shows up to terms of whom would be the three selectedâ for cutback. The first was Carl Haimes, however his presentation and Productivity was normal had a few things that made me think it was not all that significant for the organization, assessing his exceptional accomplishments he didn't have anything noteworthy in the previous two years and this was a territory that was evaluated with more prominent weight and would prefer not to leave individuals with high acknowledgment off the organization. The exhibition and different things I understood that Haimes was not fundamental to the organization, yet the legal advisor disclosed to me that it would not be a decent time to lay off Because he could contend segregation dependent on sexual direction. The 1964 social liberties acts shields you from any demonstration of segregation and this could be hindering to the organization if Haimes says there is a sort of separation by the organization. After a few investigations it was chosen to proceed with the choice to cutback Haimes in spite of the fact that this remaining parts to be found in court since Haimes joined a relationship to ensure the gay network and will conflict with us for separation by sexual direction. Sarah Boyd is a woman who has a great deal in the organization yet its general execution is normal and doesn't have any uncommon accomplishment, however it is agonizing for a long time working in the organization this is the second selectedâ for cutback. We were at first worried that his age and the Age Discrimination Act could influence our organization, yet we had questions that it would conflict with the organization to which he had so much regard and for which he had worked for such a large number of years. In the wake of assessing and examining profoundly Mrs. Boyd’s circumstance it was chosen to chat with her and her director and clarify them that cutbacks in dispatch are inescapable and work out to make a severance bundle that is reasonable and satisfactory to Mrs. Boyd and to the organization. Jenny Mills is the third chosen to cutback; her work is normal and has no uncommon accomplishment. In spite of the fact that his work is agreeable by and large their presentation aptitudes are not basic. Notwithstanding that I and the attorney and others felt it was the best choice we were apprehensive there was something that could influence the organization, she is pregnant and we as pioneers and administrators need to realize that there are laws that ensure pregnant ladies. Pregnancy Discrimination Act which says that any worker can’t power ladies to relinquish their positions on account of their status and if this is done it would abuse and victimizing ladies. Be that as it may, in the wake of dissecting the circumstance was specified to proceed with his cutback since she has aptitudes that are non basic and accordingly would be giving his cutback with an all the more convincing explanation. We must be exceptionally cautious about settling on choices in organizations, we need to exhort us well and be mindful of the considerable number of laws that ensure the organization and workers.

The Abuse Against Transgender - Free Essay Example

Being an immigrant demands vulnerability, trust, and bravery. Especially when it is escaping harm and prejudice. For transgender women it is even harder, not only are they fleeing abuse most of the time they experience similar abuses when in immigration facilities. Transgender women are sexually assaulted, denied medical care, and go through substantial psychological trauma while detained . The Human Rights Watch in the report about the mistreatment of these women explains why people are put into these detention centers. In the past two decades, the United States has made a major shift in immigration policy, using detention as a primary means of enforcement, regardless of whether an individual non-citizen is a flight risk or a danger to the community(Do you see..). It could have nothing to do if the person broke any laws or not, but they are still treated like criminals. Transgender women are housed in these facilities waiting for immigration courts to decide if they will be able to stay in the country or not. So, they are waiting to see if they meet the qualifications for the protection they are applying for. Immigrants coming from the countries of Mexico, Honduras, El Salvador, and Guatemala apparently have little of what is considered plausible fear, which is what allows them to apply for asylum or the other various options for protection (0.1- 5.5 percent according to Human Rights Watch). If theyre fear is not considered plausible they wait in the detention centers until it is determined and can be proven that their situation is bad enough to be awarded asylum. Nonviolent crimes also cause immigrants to be in mandatory custody. According to Human Rights Watch, Among the transgender women that we interviewed, nearly half were mandated to detention because of mostly low-level criminal convictions, including sex work, false identification, and minor drug possession charges. While most of these convictions were so minor that they resulted in little or no prison time in the criminal justice system, they still mandated transgender women to be detained, often in settings where they experienced abuse and neglect. In 2009 Obama set out to change the prison like appearances of these immigration detention centers to make them more civil. ICE has made some advancements meant to lower the rate of sexual assaults, especially when it comes to transgender women. In 2011 they added in a policy about strip searches that said that when there is an opportunity those who identify as transgender should have the ability to choose the gender of the guard conducting their search. A year later Obama made sure that ICE facilities used the Prison Rape Elimination Act and enforced all of its policies. However, this had little adherence since that most of the ICE facilities are privately owned. Obama still tried to enhance and improve the treatment of transgender individuals being held by creating specific guidelines meant to protect them. Since then ICE is encouraged to house transgender women in places that have adopted these guidelines of in places that have a seperate section just for people with this identity . Originally transgender women are housed in all male facilities where abuse and sexual harassment is all too common. Transgender women in these male facilities started to shift in 2015 when the Santa Ana City Jail had a seperate section for transgender women exclusively. However, ICE still had and has the capability to house these women in male facilities if they see fit. With the possibility to be keep in solitary confinement for the duration of their time because it is believed to be the only way to keep them safe, which in turn can cause an extensive psychological damage. ICE has yet to come out with a policy to requires all transgender women to be housed in separate facilities than male detainees. All though the Santa Ana City jail housed trans women for two year they did not renew the contract in May 2017. This led to women being transported to the Cibola County Correctional Center which also adopted a different unit just for transgender women. However, these still are not safe environments for trans women. Hieleras or ice boxes are inhumane torture devices used by border patrol against immigrants. They are freezing cells in detention centers usually with concrete floors and benches. Immigrants are packed in these cells and are so cold they use mylar sheets to try to keep warm. In 2015 the court case Doe v. Johnson started fighting against these unsanitary and inhumane conditions. Being that detainees are not given beds while also sleeping by the toilets and are met with no access to sanitation such as having no soap and not being allowed to shower for the duration of their time spent in these holding cells. The American Immigration council interviewed detainees and condensed their experiences, The plaintiffs in Doe v. Johnson, as well as over 100 other individuals interviewed, describe horrific conditions in CBPs short-term detention facilities, including being stripped down to one layer of clothing and kept in extremely cold cells with often little more than a thin aluminum sheet to cover them(The American). This is how transgender woman Roxana Hern- ndez died in the Cibola County Correctional Center located in New Mexico. She was held in one of these ice boxes and with the addition of not getting proper medication for her HIV caused pneumonia. Hern- ndez died of medical complications with that pneumonia. Isa Noyola is the deputy director of the Transgender Law Center and touches on the impact that this death had on the trans community.Paired with the abuse we know transgender people regularly suffer in ICE detention, the death of Ms. Hern- ndez sends the message that transgender peopl e are disposable and do not deserve dignity, safety, or even life. (Noyola). Abusive conditions are limitless for transgender women in these detention facilities. Detained immigrants are especially vulnerable to sexual abuse due various factors, including language barriers, isolation, and fear of retaliation by immigration authorities, including possible deportation (Do You See). Many of the women interviewed by Human Rights Watch said that they had been sexually assaulted by male guards or the male detainees. An example of the horrid things these women had to go through interviewed by Human Rights Watch. Three Honduran men started touching themselves in front of me. They said, ?He thinks hes a woman but hes a faggot [] in our country, we kill these people. They made me feel bad and I started to cry. [After they raped me], the guard came to get me and took me to the [housing] pod. She didnt ask me if I was okay or if anything had happened.Immediately after the assault, Sara was assigned to the same housing unit as her perpetrators. After reporting the abuse to facility staff, she was transferred to a separate housing unit, where a guard told her: You [transgender women] are the ones that cause these problems and always call the mens attention. The guards are not properly trained and having these women in male facilities is not only ridiculous but also dangerous. Some of the women reported that they had to shower in the same area as the male detainees, with multiple reports of sexual assault when trying to shower. Most of the time when they thought they were the only ones in the shower area. When reported to the guards they claimed they did not see or called the women crazy. Trans women also reported abuse by the guards especially in invasive strip searches. Almost all the women interviewed said that the guards and other detainees in male facilities verbally ab used them. So, it is no surprise when around half said that the guards ignored them and failed to take their reports seriously. Even when things were done to protect them from the other detainees did not mean they were protected from the guards. For example, After reporting the incident, Talia said a male guard escorted her to the restrooms so that she could shower at another time but that he would himself stare at her while she changed (Do You See) Transgender women deserve to feel safe and protected from the horrendous conditions they faced causing them to leave everything they have ever known. If the conditions in these facilities do not change these women should not be detained at all. Since they are continually detained they need beds, guards they can trust, access to medication, proper sanitation facilities, and access to resources for mental health. This should be easily regulated since that ICE falls under a branch of the federal government. No one should died like Roxana Hern- ndez and many others have. It is 100 percent preventable, ICE needs to be held accountable for their treatment of human beings. More so since ICE deals with people who are already in an extremely vulnerable position.They should be given sensitivity training and at least have a person who knows and specializes transgender needs and rights. The number of these advocates for each location should depend on the capacity of transgender women in each unit.

Effects Of The Pregnancy On Children - 1731 Words

With advances in technology, pregnant women are often able to make decisions about their pregnancies. Nuchal translucency screening tests are used to determine the probability of the fetus having chromosomal abnormalities (Gottfredsdà ³ttir, Bjà ¶rnsdà ³ttir, Sandall, 2009). Due to these technological advancements, there have been many debates raised in regards to terminating or continuing with the pregnancy if tests indicate abnormalities. In this paper, I will discuss he mental effects of the mother in both abortion and continuing cases, the physical effects in both scenarios as well as their decisions implications for society. To begin, mental health is something extremely essential to as person’ well being. If a mother is faced with a†¦show more content†¦The other perspective on the word regret is, some mothers did not have a choice to have screening tests done. They were unaware that their child would be born with chromosomal abnormalities. One mother explai ned that â€Å"I know this will shock many: this is my son, whom I ve loved, nurtured and defended for nearly half a century, but if I could go back in time, I would abort him in an instant† (Relf, 2014). In case’s such as this there can be regret because they have experiences the challenges and they did not have a choice. Furthermore, not all mental states are negative relates to Down syndrome parents. A woman explained that her husband was unsure about keeping their disabled baby, but she was more than sure and she felt the love that the baby was radiating. In her story, she explained that the moment their baby as born her husband was able to understand because he also felt the love at that moment (Pixley, 2015). Sometimes what seems so scary is really something that will make you grown and learn. For some, continuing their pregnancy knowing that their baby will have Down Syndrome is a no brainer but for others it can be an incredibly painful decision. For some mothe rs continuing their pregnancy once they are aware of chromosomal abnormalities is not an option. Due to this life altering decision they are exposed to several factors that can affect their mental health. The first factor to consider is trauma. For a large number of women abortions are a traumaticShow MoreRelatedPregnancy And Its Effects On Children1444 Words   |  6 Pagesannually (Negedu, 2011). pregnancies are either mistimed or unwanted among adolescents. Studies in the past have Indicated that, lack of adequate sexual and reproductive health knowledge may possibly represent a key factor preventing the complete elimination of unwanted pregnancies, and unsafe induced abortion among adolescent girls in Nigeria. According to Ipas(2005) unplanned pregnancies are the result of various factors, including lack of knowledge about menstruation and pregnancy, lack of access toRead MoreThe Effects of Teen Pregnancy on Children1555 Words   |  7 PagesChildren from homes run by teenag e mothers have to face almost insurmountable obstacles in life. The incidents of depression and mental health problems, the lack of father figures, and the high rate of poverty often connected to children in homes run by teenage mothers put them at serious disadvantages when compared to children raised in nuclear families. Many people believe that the implementation of sex education in schools and the addition of more federal aid for single parents are major causesRead MoreThe Effect Of Teenage Pregnancy On Children1636 Words   |  7 PagesThis study examined the effect of teenage pregnancy on children by exploring the results of an ADHD survey, ASRS-v1.1. The study sampled 100 kindergarten students, 50 had teenage mothers and 50 had mothers who gave birth during adulthood. A quantitative research method was utilized along with the difference-oriented research strategy approach. The independent variable is identified as the age of pregnancy and the two variant levels are: pregna nt teens, ages 13-19, and pregnant women in adulthoodRead MoreTeen Pregnancy And Its Effect On Children855 Words   |  4 PagesTeen pregnancy has been an ongoing social issue in the United States for many of years. Although the rate of teen pregnancy has decreased since the 90s, the United States is still the highest among industrialized nations. The US ranks at one and a half times higher than Great Britain, three times higher than Canada, seven times higher than Denmark and Sweden, and eight times higher than Japan (Azar 1). Society considers teenage pregnancies a problem because they believe teenagers are not emotionallyRead MoreEffects Of Teenage Pregnancy On Children1625 Words   |  7 Pages 1 Children of Teenage Parents Children of Teenage Parents Asia Leon Professor Shawna Lee EAD 502 AA Children with Challenging Behaviours Monday, February 13th, 2017 Children of Teenage Parents The topic that was researched is the effects on children born to teenage parents. This topic will be explained and evaluated by examining how support plays a role in the wellbeing of the child and mother. Many would say that having a child is a blessing, but not whenRead MoreThe Effects Of Teen Pregnancy On Children845 Words   |  4 PagesData has shown that children who are born to teenagers are instantly placed at a higher risk of physical development, social, and behavioral problems. For instance, one-third of pregnant teens (15-19) receives no prenatal care during the first trimester of pregnancy; this number has increased to 50% for girls under 15. Most teens are still developing physically, and mentally this also means they’re much more likely to have premature babies or preterm labor. Preterm and/or low birth weight babiesRead MoreTeen Pregnancy And Its Effect On Children865 Words   |  4 Pagesafter my years in high school it all made sense. I, like many other teens, would gain knowledge on relationships and sexuality. In this country teen pregnancy has high increase in minorities, one of the main reasons why the population is expanding. It is through proper knowledge of sexuality and protection that female teens are able to prevent pregnancy. Coming from a family of immigrants, I have many life goals. I always enjoyed school and participated in extracurricular activities. My parentsRead More The Effects of Teen Pregnancy on Children Essay1147 Words   |  5 Pagesare many obstacles for children of teenage mothers to face. These children have serious disadvantages in contrast to those children who come from nuclear families. Often they lack a father figure, have a high poverty rate, and there are incidents of depression and mental health problems. Many people are blaming the sex education programs in schools and the additional federal aid being offered to single parents as major causes for the country’s high rate of teen pregnancies (Carole). Although, theRead MoreThe Effects Of Alcohol During Pregnancy On Children1041 Words   |  5 Pagesvulnerable prenatal period is during the stage of embryonic development, which occurs between the third and eighth weeks of pregnancy. Once alcohol penetrates the PLACENTA and enters the fetal bloodstream it hinders the neurons inside the child’s neural tube, negatively impacting their creation and ability to send signals to one another. The consumption of alcohol during pregnancy can cause FETAL ALCOHOL SPECTRUM DISORDER (FASD), which includes three different levels of severity with the first and mostRead MoreEffects Of Depression During Pregnancy On Children Essay1540 Words   |  7 Pages28 articles regarding depression during pregnancy, Gavin et al. found that up to 13% of women experience depressive episodes at some point during pregnancy or within the first year postpartum. The prenatal period is a very important time for the growth of the offspring, therefore a range of exposures can have long-term changes. Not only will it have immediate effects on the fetus, the impact of a woman’s mental state has been found to have lasting effects up to childhood and adolescence (Kinsella

Analysis Of Hamlet s Sanity By William Shakespeare

Analysis of Hamlet’s Sanity Throughout Shakespeare’s play Hamlet, we questioned Hamlet’s sanity. Did Hamlet have a mental illness or was it all an act? Was he really that great of an actor or was he really losing his mind slowly? Did Hamlet father’s death caused his insanity or was it his motivation? One part of the play, you would think he is not insane, and has out smarted everyone. Then in others scenes, you would think he had completely lost it. He often toyed with the idea of killing himself, and plays with the idea of killing others. It seem as he is swinging both ways. Some parts of the play, Hamlet seem as an unstable human people who feel as he no longer wants to live anymore. On other parts Hamlet seems like he is a sneaky manipulative intelligent person who is play with the minds of others for entertainment. Hamlet was the prince of Denmark, and a student at the University of Wittenberg. In the beginning of the play, Hamlet’s father, King Hamlet, had recently died, and Hamlet’s mother, Queen Gertrude has married the new king, Hamlet’s uncle Claudius. He was very disturb, and angry about his mother marrying his uncle. He questioned how long had the two been messing around in secret. The thought of this alone could drive anyone insane. Your mother marries your uncle soon after your father’s death with no sign of remorse. One dark winter night, Bernardo, Marcellus, and Horatio told Hamlet they believed they saw the ghost of his decease father, and the ghostShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Structure Hamlet 1233 Words   |  5 PagesStability, Sanity, and Structure (Analysis of the structure in Shakespeare’s Hamlet) Structure is in our lives all around us; we see it in work lives, our home lives, in our owe bodies, and even more so in the curriculum that kids are learning at school. Structure, in all aspects, is constructed according to a plan. It gives a sense of assembly and backbone to whatever we are looking at. We see structure is in the information students are attaining at school, especially in the literary sense. ManyRead MoreHamlet : William Shakespeare s Hamlet1259 Words   |  6 PagesOmar Sancho Professor Christopher Cook English 201-0810 Hamlet Paper 23 May 2016 Hamlet Character Analysis â€Å"There is nothing either good or bad, but thinking makes it so.†(Act 2, Scene 2, 239-251) Hamlet by William Shakespeare is one of the most famous plays written that conveys a multitude theme. But most predominant is the presence of Hamlet s obsession with philosophy of life, throughout the play Hamlet philosophy reviles his point of view love, loyalty, the importance of family and friendsRead MoreThe Controversial Ending of King Lear by William Shakespeare Essays1580 Words   |  7 PagesThe Controversial Ending of King Lear by William Shakespeare Few Shakespearean plays have caused the controversy that is found with King Lear’s ending scenes. Othello kills himself, Macbeth is executed, and of course in hamlet, everyone dies. Lear, however, is different from other Shakespearean classics. Is Lear mad or lucid? Is Cordelia really dead? Is Edmund’s delay explainable? What is the nature of the Lear world that occasioned all of this? How does Knight’s thesis relate to the endingRead MoreBetrayal and Loyalty in Shakespeares plays3231 Words   |  13 PagesEnglish Literature Composition March 14, 2012 Betrayal and Loyalty in William Shakespeares Plays William Shakespeare is one of the most recognized playwrights in the history of man. People have analyzed every sentence of his works and have taken note of the various styles used in his writing. Ironically enough, little is known about Shakespeares personal life. It is assumed, however, that like other literary writers, Shakespeare relates occurrences in his life into his writing. The average personRead MoreHamlet By William Shakespeare s Hamlet1936 Words   |  8 PagesWilliam Shakespeare s, Hamlet, written in the seventeenth century and first performed in 1602, is still a complex and intriguing play that encompasses many Jungian archetypes in relation to the setting and characters. This play was approximately four centuries old before Shakespeare reworked it for the stage. Hamlet is based on events involving the death of the King of Denmark according to the Norse legends. This paper deals with a small portion of the entirety of the events in Hamlet. ScholarsRead More Shakespeare s Hamlet - Comparison of Gertrude and Ophelia Essay3031 Words   |  13 PagesHamlet -- Comparison of Gertrude and Ophelia      Ã‚  Ã‚   Gertrude and Ophelia occupy the leading roles for females in the Shakespearean drama Hamlet. As women they share many things in common: attitudes from others, shallow or simple minds and outlooks, etc. This essay will delve into what they have in common. The protagonist’s negative attitude toward both women is an obvious starting point. John Dover Wilson explains in What Happens in Hamlet how the prince holds both of the women in disgust:Read More Hamlet Essay: Comparison of Gertrude and Ophelia3265 Words   |  14 PagesHamlet – a Comparison of Gertrude and Ophelia      Ã‚  Ã‚   Even though at opposite ends of the courtly society in the halls of Elsinore, the characters of Gertrude and Ophelia in Shakespeare’s Hamlet have much in common. This essay intends to explore that commonality.    Howard Felperin in his essay â€Å"O’erdoing Termagant† illustrates one point of similarity between these two female characters – they are both recipients of Hamlet’s ill-will. 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What Essay Example For Students

What Essay FACT: Americans have become increasingly complacent about HIV and AIDS and the fact that it remains the leading cause of death for certain populations. FACT: Fifty percent of all new HIV infections are in young people under the age of 24. FACT: One-third of the 900,000 HIV-positive men and women living in the United States do not know their HIV status, and as a result are not benefiting from life-prolonging care and treatment. FACT: A preliminary report from the CDC shows the number of new AIDS cases in the United States increased by 8 percent in 2001. States such as Arizona, Georgia, Louisiana, Maryland, New York, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, Texas and Virginia experienced particularly significant increases in new AIDS cases last year. FACT: African Americans, Latinos and women are being disproportionately impacted by HIV/AIDS. Over 70 percent of all new HIV infections occur among African Americans and Latinos, yet they make up only 31 percent of the nations population. FACT: Drug-resistant strains of HIV are beginning to show up in the newly infected making prevention for HIV positive individuals a critical part of our nations comprehensive prevention efforts. FACT: Science-based comprehensive HIV prevention and tested public health risk reduction strategies, policies and resources are being attacked. FACT: The smallpox vaccine currently being stockpiled by the U.S. government is not safe for individuals living with compromised immune systems, such as those with HIV and cancer. An effective rapid response HIV test is also needed to aid in our nations bioterrorism preparedness efforts. FACT: Many community-based AIDS service organizations have seen their charitable-related incomes decline as a result of the national shift in charitable giving putting at risk our nations comprehensive public health system and our ability to maintain or expand access to HIV/AIDS care. Words/ Pages : 318 / 24

Narrative Therapy Essay Example

Narrative Therapy Paper { tf1ansiansicpg1252deff0deflang1033{fonttbl{f0fromanfprq2fcharset0 Times New Roman;}} {*generator Msftedit 5. 41. 21. 2509;}viewkind4uc1pardfi360sb100sa100f0fs24 Narrative Therapy is an approach to counseling that centers people as the experts in their own lives. This therapy intends to view problems as separate entities to people, assuming that the individual quote s set of skills, experience and mindset will assist him/her reduce the influence of problems throughout life. This therapeutic approach intends to place the individual in both the leading role and author roles: switching the view from a narrow perspective to a systemic and more flexible stance. The aim is to help clients realize what forces are influencing their lives and to focus on the positive aspects of the lquote play quote . In many events of our lives, we tend to focus on particular things and ignore others. Analyzing our lives as a play, or a system, helps us understand the different forces and roles that are influencing our behavior. This in turn gives us flexibility to invoke the necessary changes for improvement. It is a highly respectful, effective, non-blaming approach. It theorizes that people organize their lives into stories, and that individual are not the ldblquote problem dblquote the problem is the problem. It views people as having many skills, beliefs, and abilities that will help them reduce the influence of problems in their lives. The focus is not on the lquote experts quote solving problems, it is the individual discovering through conversations of their hidden possibilities within themselves. par Narrative therapy was originally developed during the 1970 quote s and 1980 quote s, but became prevalent in North America during the 1990 quote s. The founders are Michael White a Psychotherapist and David Epston a S. S. W professor. Michael was a social worker, family therapist, author and co-director of the Dulwich Centre in Adelaide, South Australia. He quote s known for his work with children, schizophrenia, anorexia/bulimia, men quote s violence, trauma, as well as the Indigenous Aboriginal communities. We will write a custom essay sample on Narrative Therapy specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Narrative Therapy specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Narrative Therapy specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer David Epston is an author, co-author and editor of many articles and books on lquote Narrative Therapy quote . He is a professor in the Social Work field, and the co-director of the Family Therapy article page Centre in Auckland New Zealand. He worked closely with Michael White on developing Narrative Therapy approach by integrating different forms of therapy together. par The Basic concepts of narrative therapy is to enable people to tell their stories in ways that make them stronger and Enables people who are experiencing hardship to make a contribution to others who are also experiencing hard times. It Encourages individuals, couples, and families to more fully explore other possible ways of making sense of their situations as well as supports to break free of restricting narratives. It also maximizes the existing capabilities and resources the individual may have. The core concept in Narrative Therapy is that our lives, identities and sense of self are shaped and made up by the meaning we attribute to our experiences which, roughly speaking, are simply stated the stories we tell ourselves to ourselves and eventually to others. When a person seeks therapy it is because their story is problem-saturated and has also became the person quote s dominant story in their life. When this story is told to a narrative therapist they don quote t contend the fact that it is true or false whatsoever, but simply, that it is subject to the distortion and removal which all our memories and experiences are subject to, that it is a slim description. par The techniques that narrative therapists use have to do with the telling of the story. They may examine the story and look for other ways to tell it differently or to understand it in other ways. In doing so, they find it helpful to put the problem outside of the individual, thus externalizing it. They look for unique outcomes: positive events that are in contrast to a problem-saturated story. dblquote (Sharf, 2004). The 3 main technique used are Firstly Externalizing the Problem. In Narrative Therapy the problem becomes the enemy of the story. Certain behaviors are based on particular lquote unhealthy quote or lquote undesired quote characteristics, such as lack of patience, aggressiveness, etc. Thus, they are approached as not a part of the client but as an opposing force which needs to be lquote defeated quote . An example would be a child that has a very bad temperament and tends to be aggressive to other kids at school and his parents. The child might feel guilty for his temperament and blame it on himself (ldblquote I don quote t know85 it is the way I am85 dblquote ). The counselor will work with him towards isolating that undesired trait (aggressiveness) and placing it as an external trait endash not a characteristic of the individual. This strategy helps clients re-construct their own stories in a way which will reduce the incidence of the problem in order to eliminate negative outcomes and reinforce personal development and achievement. The protagonist becomes the author and re-writes the story constructively. Secondly Unique Outcomes if a story is full of problems and negative events, the counselor will attempt to identify the exceptional positive outcomes. When exploring unique positive outcomes in the story, the counselor will assist the client in redeveloping the narrative with a focus on those unique outcomes. This assists the client in empowering him/herself by creating a notion that those unique outcomes can prevail over the problems. Think about this analogy: you are a novel writer. You were given a novel to review and publish the way you prefer. You have read it and found it generally poor, but there were some interesting ideas which you liked. You selected these ideas, and re-write the novel around them. You can make a flawed story become a bestseller. Finally Alternative Narratives The focus of Narrative Therapy is to explore the strengths and positive aspects of an individual through his or her narrative. Therefore, the main objective of this therapeutic approach is to improve the person quote s perspective internally (reflective) and externally (towards the world and others). Alternative narratives are a simple way to relate to this concept. This technique works in combination with unique outcomes. How? The individual will reconstruct a personal story using unique outcomes, therefore, focusing on the positive aspects of a previous story in order to achieve a desired outcome. This process is based on the premise that any person can continually and actively re-author their own life. By creating alternative perspectives on a narrative (or event within the narrative) the counselor is able to assist the client in bringing about a new narrative which will help combat the lquote problems quote . This is similar to Cognitive Behavioral Therapy as it aims to create a positive perspective of an event. The main goal is to get the individual to alter the way they think, feel, and behave towards their own experiences, situations, and problems affecting them in their life. It engages clients in making sense of their narrative stories by externalizing the client quote s problem, Re-authoring the Story, and by providing a context for the new story. par The 6 Principles used in a Powerful transformative session are Dialectic and Paradoxical, Synergic, Symbolic, Holistic, Heroic and Pragmatic. Narrative therapy has a different kind of theory as it seeks to be a respectful, non-blaming approach to counseling and community work, which mainly focuses on the person being the expert in their own lives. Narrative therapy views the problem separately from the person and assures people have the skills, beliefs, values and abilities to reduce problems that occur in their lives. In essence, within a narrative therapy approach, the focus is not on experts solving problems, it is on people discovering through conversation, within themselves and hidden unseen story lines. Narrative therapy as been proven to be successful when used within individuals experiencing deep grief, with children experiencing problems , In group Mediation sessions, In Family therapy, with individuals who were sexually abused, with individuals who have Anxiety disorders or eating disorders- anorexia/bulimia, as well as Coaching teams and athlete. par Unfortunately this theoretical approach has some weakness when used with certain family situations. This approach is not Applicable to all problems . It Does not consider the root ldblquote cause dblquote of the problems and it can be vague when understanding of how problems developed. It also Holds a constructionist belief that there are no absolute truths but only socially sanctioned points of view. Therefore; therapist are Concerned that Narrative therapy are made to be lquote gurus quote , especially since its leading proponents tend to be overly harsh. Despite being a widely used approach, particularly when combined with other therapeutic approaches . Narrative Therapy has certain boundaries and limitations. In many occasions, diverse clients may expect the therapist to act as the expert, instead of having to lquote conduct quote the conversation themselves. For this reason, Narrative Therapy can be challenging when the individual is not articulate. Lack of confidence, intellectual capacity and other issues could also undermine the expression of the individual through a narrative. Another common boundary of Narrative Therapy is the lack of recipe, agenda or formula. This approach is grounded in a philosophical framework, and sometimes can become a particularly subjective or widely interpretative process. par pardfi360par }